The realistic impact that news and information have on people and even market trends have been firmly established by a number of academic journals and it cannot be overemphasized. However, in this era of new media and due to technological advancements in the communication...

Today, most people get their news through online sources using smartphones for their communications. Disinformation in Africa and Europe is harmful to both continents and it is clearly widespread, especially online. UNESCO has defined disinformation as “information that is false and deliberately created to harm...